This checklist is still in progress. The study of female aggression is still in its infancy. Criminologists largely overlooked violence by women as a serious subject of study until the 1950s. Yet the subject was quickly deemed “politically correct” and was deemed an “inappropriate” topic for scientific research.
Finally we are beginning to see the beginnings of an honest academic approach to this still largely taboo, subject emerging among the braver among the new young generation of criminologists, sociologists, and psychologists.
As of yet, women’s studies specialists have not expressed any interest in exploring the fact that female serial killers are far more common and far more diverse in ethnicity and in methods employed than is claimed by the experts.
***
From a review of the new academic book, , Female Aggression, December 2014, Wiley-Blackwell: The authors “challenge our most cherished feminist beliefs about women as the more compassionate, cooperative, “maternal,” and non-violent of the genders.”
***
This checklist is still in progress.
***
► Asphyxia variants
- Asphyxia – Michele Kalina
- Choke withStone – Margaret Messenger (FSK girl)
- Choke with potato – Jeanne Bonnaud
- Choke with stone – Jeanne Bonnaud
- Choke with Washcloth – Gwendolyn Grahm
- Hanging by noose – Viktoria Rieger
- Smother – Barbara Wilkinson, Mary Cowan, Gwendolyn Graham, Sieske Hoekstra, Christine Falling “smotheration”, Marie Doiselet (handkerchief, FSK girl, 2 v)
- Smother with blanket – Christine Falling
- Smother with pillow – Marybeth Roe Tinning, Debra Sue Tuggle, Claudette Kibble
- Strangle – Katherine Riefer, Maria Reyes, Marie Ret?, Jeanne Weber, Carol May Bundy, Martha Beck, Juana Barraza, Amelia Dyer, Diane Lumbrera, Celine Lesage, Rosemary West, “Shanghai Female Jack the Ripper”, Marie Ret, Leontine Kasparek
- Strangle with edging tape (millinery) – Amelia Dyer
- Strangle with handkerchief – Ane Nielsdatter
- Strangle with hands – Jeanne Weber, Agnes Norman
- Strangle with ligature – Stella Williamson
- Strangle with silk scarf – Myra Hindley
- Strangle with string – Myra Hindley
- Strangle & drown in tank – “Kakoorgachi Serial Murderess”
- Suffocate – Marie Bouriant, Olsen, Johannsen and Andrasen baby farmers, Gwendolyn Graham & Catherine May Wood, Dominique Cottrez, Christine Falling, Waneta Hoyt, Diane Lumbrera, Celine Lesage, Marie Noe, Mahin Qadiri, Debra Sue Toggle, Rosemary West, Stella Williamson, Martha Woods Suffocate, Elizabeth Kirkbride
- Suffocate by stuffing mouth with toilet paper – Miriam Marlein
► Drowning
- Boat (push into water) – Judias Buenoano
- Drown – Dagmar Overbye, Debra Sue Tuggle
- Drown in Bathtub – Claudette Kibble
- Drown in Bucket of water – (SF midwife) early France? Delpeche?
- Drown in Reservoir – “Black widow gang”
- Drown in River – K. D. Kempamma, Ane Nielsdatter, María Concepción Ladino Gutiérrez
- Drown in Tank – “Kakoorgachi Serial Murderess” (strangle under water)
- Drown in Well – Jeanne Bonnaud (FSK girl), Margaret Messenger (FSK girl)
► Poisons
- Antimony – Mary Meyer, Martha Grinder
- Antifreeze (ethylene glycol) – Julia Lynn Turner,Stacey Castor,Diane & Rachel Staudte, Shirley Elizabeth Allen
- Arsenic – (incomplete list ) Amy Archer-Gilligan, Mary Ann Armagost, Velma Barfield, Mary Bateman, Marie Besnard, Frances "Fanny" Billing & Catherine Frary, Edith Agnes Bingham, Giovanna Bonanno, Frau Buchmann, Mary Emily Cage, Clara Carl, Emily Stone Conyers, Mary Ann Cotton, Mary Cowan, Anna Cunningham, Persa Czirin, Alice Danbrough, Nannie Doss, Elizabeth Dalzey, Mary Demmer, Roberta Elder, Ellen Etheridge, Nancy Ferrer, Sarah Freeman, Polly Frisch (Hoag), Marie Gagey, Nellie Mary Anne Geering, Janie L:ou Gibbs, Bertha Gifford, Betty Jo Green, Anna Marie Hahn, Bertha Gossett Hill, Marie Hilley, Susannah Holroyd, Margarete Jäger, Helene Jegado, Eliza Joyce, Monsieur Joye, Tillie Klimek, Ida Leckwold, Anjette Donovan Lyles, Louise Mabre, Rhonda Belle Martin, Alice Mason, Daisy de Melker, Blanche Taylor Moore, Martha Needle, Milka Pavlovich, Mary Pimlett, Madame Popova, Anujka de Poshonja, Eliza Potegian, Esther Sarac, Jane Scott, Della Sorenson, Caroline Sorgenfrie, Carrie Bodie Sparling, Mrs. Stevens, Anna Louise Sullivan, Maria Catherina Swanenburg, Rose Theyre, Anna Tomaskiewicz, Louise Vermilya, Annie Wagner (Rough on Rats), Mrs. Wahle, Nellie Webb, Phebe Westlake, Sarah Jane Whiteling, Martha Wise, Annie Zachoegner
- Arsenic (“mouse butter”; arsenic mixed with fat) – Gesche Gottfried
- Arsenic pills – Elizabeth Dalzey
- Atropine – Jane Toppan
- Belladonna – Marie Jeanneret,Mari Azalai Jager
- Bichloride of mercury – Mattie Shann
- Bleach (intravenous) – Kimberly Clark Saenz
- Bread and milk – Charlotte Lamb
- Carbon monoxide – Kanae Kijima; Rose Veres
- Chlorodyne – Amelia Sach & Annie Walters
- Chlororoform – Nellie Haven, and Hattie Graham, Belle Gunness
- Chocolate – Elizabeth Brinvilliers
- Colchacine, colohioum – Catherine Wilson
- Copper – Jane Dorsey
- Corrosive Sublimate – Clothida Cravana
- Cyanide – H. D. Kempamma, Bernardina Maria de las Mercedes Bolla Aponte “Yiya Murano”, Chen Kao Lien-yen, Le Thanh Van,
- Digitalis – Marie Jeannebraq (digitaline), Marie Becker
- “Drug overdose” – Dorothea Puente
- E605 insecticide (parathion) – Christa Lehmann
- Epinephrine – Kirsten Gilbert
- Ether – Mrs. David Drake
- Euglucon – Elfriede Blauensteiner
- Fly poison – Ida Leckwold
- Horse tonic – LaVerne O’Bryan
- Hydrochloric acid – Martha Rendell
- Insulin – Beverly Allitt, Bobbie Sue Tyrell, Cecile Bombeek,
- Laudanum – Mrs. Reignolds, Mrs. Fred West, Alice Danbrough, Minnie Dean, Eliza Joyce
- Liquid Fly Poison – Ida Leckwold
- Liquor – Margaret Waldegrave
- Luminol – Dr. Marianne Tuerk, Dr. Margarethe Heubsch
- Lye – Ellen Etheridge
- Matches (source for phosphorous and arsenic) – Marguerite Léris Grieumard
- Mercury – Lottie Lockman
- Morphine – Toppan, Dr. Marianne Tuerk, Dr. Margarethe Heubsch, Waltrud Wagner (& 3 other nurses), Annie Crawford, Christine Malvere, Jane Toppan, Caroline Finity
- Ointment, poisoned – Anna Allas & Mary Chalfa & Giselle Young
- Opiates – Margaret Waters
- Opium – Nellie Campbell (“opium gum soaked in milk”), Belinda Laphame
- “Pain Killers” (Lethal injections) – Timea Faludi
- Paraffin oil – Jeanne Bonnaud
- Paregoric – Anna Allas & Mary Chalfa & Giselle Young
- Parathion – Besse Reese
- Paris green – Mattie Shann, Anna Sullivan, Caroline Sorgenfrie, Anna Snoots, Anna Tomaskiewicz
- Phosphorous – Mary Elizabeth Wilson
- Phosphorous paste – Brigitte Burckel
- Potassium – Christine Malvere
- Potassium cyanide – Mrs. H. D. Zarin
- “Rat Poison” (very incomplete list) – Ella Holdridge, Shirley Elizabeth Allen
- Rose Bay Leaves – Malvina Roester
- Spider poison – Anna Allas & Mary Chalfa & Giselle Young
- Spirits of salt – Martha Rendell
- Stannous chloride (tin salt) – Anna Allas & Mary Chalfa & Giselle Young
- Strychnine – Catherine Batchelor, Mary Ann Britland, Alice Danbrough, Belle Gunness, Rae Anderman Krauss, Charlotte Lamb, Victoria Lefebre, Frau Manko, Mary McKnight, Nettie Hoxan,Isabella Newman, Kate Painter, Hattie Stone, Birdie Strome, Sally Story, Margaret Waldegrave, Mrs. Stevens
- Succinylcholine (powerful muscle relaxant) – Genene Jones
- Sulfuric acid – Catherine Wilson, Alsa Thompson
- Tartar emetic – Elizabeth Wharton
- Thallium – Caroline Grills (Thall-Rat), Martha Marek
- Tin chloride – Anna Allas & Mary Chalfa
- “Tranquilizers” (Lethal injections) – Timea Faludi
- Truxal – Marianne Nölle
- Typhoid germs – Julia Shepherd
- Variety – Anna Marie Hahn (“each victim was administered a different poison,” Kelleher)
- Veronal – Dr. Marianne Tuerk, Dr. Margarethe Heubsch
- Vitriol and sugar – Madame Delpech (“pouring vitriol and sugar down its [baby’s] throat”
- White mercury – Elizabeth Ridgway
► Poison Carriers (Poisoners’ Cookbook)
- Almond milk – Gesche Gottfried(“Almond milk with arsenic”)
- Bananas and Eggs – Roberta Elder
- Beans – Victoria Lefebre
- Beef steak – Edith Agnes Bingham
- Beer – Mrs. Camfield, Anna Marie Zwanziger, Ellen Wharton,Shirley Elizabeth Allen
- Blueberry Pudding – Maria Velten
- Brandy – Pètronillo Schimonska, “Kisoda, Hungary Serial Killers,” Lydia Sherman
- Broth – Elizabeth Ridgway
- Buttermilk – Anjette Lyles
- Cakes – Kathi Lyukas, Brigitte Burckel, Mary Bateman
- Candy – Christa Lehmann, Bridget Carey, Eliza Potegian
- Christening cakes – Makrena Stankovic
- Cheese – Jeanne Gilbert
- Cheese and eggs – Roberta Elder
- Chicken soup – Pauline Rogers
- Chocolate pudding – Mary Creighton
- Cigarettes poisoned – Irmgard Swinka
- Cocoa – Mary Frances Creighton, Ella Holdridge (FSK girl)
- Coffee – Mrs. Elmer Conyers; Antoinette Scierri, Thekla Popov, Marie Gagey, Betty Jo Green, Ekaterini Dimetrea, Agnes Orner
- Cookies – Della Sorenson
- Corn and Beans – Phebe Westlake
- Cream – Dora Bullock Frost
- Croton oil – Anna Marie Hahn
- Dumplings – Fanny Billings & Mrs. Frary
- Egg nog – Sarah Whiteling, Mary Creighton
- Fried Potatoes – Nancy Farrer
- Grape juice – Eliza Potegian
- Gruel – Anna Zwanziger, Fanny Billings & Mrs. Frary, Sussanah Holroyd
- Ham and eggs – Louise Vermilya
- Holy water – H. D. Kempamma
- Ice Cream – Blanche Taylor Moore
- Kebab – Shirin Gul
- Lemonade – Mrs. H. D. Zarin, Amy Archer-Gilligan, Mattie Shann
- Milk – Ellen Etheridge, Florence Peters, Suzi Olah, Nellie Campbell, Van Der Linden
- Milk of Magnesia – Roberta Elder
- Mince pie – Sarah Chesham
- Molasses syrup – Nancy Farrer
- Okra stew – Eliza Potegian
- Onion syrup – Nancy Farrer
- Peaches and Cream – Martha Grinder
- Peach pie – Martha Grinder
- Pepper – Louise Vermilya
- Pie – Sarah Cheshham
- Plum tart – Jeanne Gilbert
- Poisoning (unnamed) – Michele Kalina
- Pork – Caroline Sorgenfrie (“fresh pork”)
- Porridge – Jane Scott
- Prasad – H. D. Kempamma
- Prune Juice – Nannie Doss
- Prunes – Sophie Ursinus
- Pudding – Mary Frances Creighton
- Pumkin pie – Nancy Hufford
- Rice – Sophie Ursinus
- Rice with milk – Martha Grinder
- Rice pudding – Mary Ann Milner
- Sake – Ineigo Kaneiko
- Salt – Anna Marie Zwanziger
- Soup – Anna Louise Sullivan, Madame Mizard & Anne Dupin, Frau Zivacky, Brinvilliers, Martha Grinder
- Spinach – Anna Marie Hahn
- Strawberry Ice Cream – Pauline Rogers
- Sweet Tea – Julia Lynn Turner (antifreeze)
- Sweetcakes – Eliza Potegian
- Tea – Florence Peters, Charlotte Lamb, Bridgett Carey, Marie Becker, Martha Needle, Lydia Sherman, Mary May, Caroline Grills, Shirin Gul, Birdie Strome, Sarah Jane Robinson, Lizzie Brennan
- Toast – Phebe Westlake
- Water – Martha Wise, Sally Story, Elsie Bible Malinsky
- Whiskey – Nellie Webb, Rhonda Bell Martin
- Wine – Gaetana Stomoli, Ineigo Kaneiko, Eliza Potegian
- Yogurt – Christa Lehmann
► Weapon
- Axe – Belle Gunness, Clementine Barnabet, Estis Liberis, Irina Gaidamachuk, Lizzie Halliday, Lala Wanh, Raya Abdel-al
- Blade (unspecified; cutting throat) – Elizabeth Kirkbride, Myra Hindley
- Drum Sticks – Sachiko Eto
- Grenade – Yoke Ying
- Gun – Lillie May Curtis, Sharon Kinne, Jane Taylor Quinn, Aileen Wuornos, Winnie Ola Freeman, Louise Peete, Charlene Gallego, Hazel Allison (BW2), Blanche Wright, Frau Manko, Alma Theede?, Putli Gai, Elizabeth McCrary, Carol May Bundy, Judith Ann Neelly (sp?), Louise Peete, Sharon Kinne, Sara Maria Aldrete, Angenette Haight
- Hairpin – Ida Schnell (into brain)
- Hammer – Irina Gaidamachuk, Mademoiselle Bonhours, Martha Beck, Bender Family, Jaroslava Fabianova
- Hand Grenade – Yoke Ying
- Hatchet – Anastasia Permiakova (to neck), Ane Nielsdatter
- Iron Bar – Mahin Qadiri
- Knife – “Sao Paulo Girl,” “PK”, “White-Necked Crow,” Johanna Dennehy, Jaroslava Fabianova, Carol May Bundy, Mary Jane Jackson, Kimberly McCarthy, Dorothy Williams, Raya Abdel-al (throat), La Gizzi (or sword?),
- Knife? (Ritual sacrifice) – Sylvia Merez
- Machete – Sara Maria Aldrete,
- Mear Cleaver – Jaroslava Fabianova
- Musket – Maria Oliviero
- Needle – Sarah Jane Makin (into heart), Pauline Middlestedt (darning needle into heart)
- Pin – Catherine Miller
- Rifle – Inessa Tarverdiyeva
- Scissors – Lizzie Halliday
- Shotgun – Inez Brennan
- Stethoscope – Juana Barazza, strangle with stethoscope
- Whipping – Darya Saltykova,Mariam Soulakiotis
►Other
- Abandonment – Sabine Hilschenz
- Battery – Anjanapaia (sp?), Helen Geisen-Volk, Marie Bouriant, Barbara Wilkinson, Magdalena Solis, Miyoko Sumida
- Bludgeoning – Belle Gunness
- Burning alive – Wiese, Patty Cannon, Dagmar Overbye, Kijma, Lillian Thorman, Mrs. Fred West, Marianne Skoublinska, Julia Fortmyer, Henrietta Weibel
- Bury alive – Elizabeth Ashmead
- “Death Acceleration” (Nazi term) – Anna Katschenka, Marianne Tuerk, Margarethe Heubsch, Matron Ella Schmidt, Sister Liesel Bachor, Kathe Pisters, Valentine Bilien,
- Dismember while alive – Felicitas Sanchez Aguillon
- Drop child on head – Eunice Brillhart
- Exposure to cold – Elizabeth Bathory
- Exposure to sun – Georgia Tann
- Neglect – Miyuki Ishikawa, Coleen Thompson,
- Push out window – Rose Veres
- Shake to death – Virginia Jaspers
- Starvation – Ellen Batts, Madge Clayton, Maude Dieden, Moulay Hassen, Seema Mohan Gavit, Moulay Hassen, Miriam Soulakiotis, Linda Burfield Hazzard, Mme. Julien
- Smash head against telephone pole – Seema Mohan Gavit
- Stomp with heavy boots – Helene Braunsteiner?
- Starvation – Mrs. Tanaka, Cynthia McDonald (sp?), Mme. Barthian, Linda Burfield Hazzard, Margaret McClosky, Elizabeth Reed, Nellie Campbell, Anna Allas & Mary Chalfa & Giselle Young, Anna Allas & Mary Chalfa & Giselle Young
- Torture – Mariam Soulakiotis, Darya Saltykova, Moulay Hassen, Elizabeth Bathory, Guadalupe Martinez de Bejarano, “Romanian Female Bandit,” Dianorah Galou, Georgia Tann, Josepha Perez
- Twist neck – Wilhelmena Eckhardt
- Whipping – Mariam Soulakiotis, Darya Saltykova
Miscellaneous (cause of death or following death)
- Decaptiation – La Gizzi, “Druse Lebanese Serial Killer,” Esteis Liberis
